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Module BatRope


module BatRope: sig .. end
Heavyweight strings ("ropes")

This module implements ropes as described in Boehm, H., Atkinson, R., and Plass, M. 1995. Ropes: an alternative to strings. Softw. Pract. Exper. 25, 12 (Dec. 1995), 1315-1330.

Ropes are an alternative to strings which support efficient operations:

Functional nature and persistence

All operations are non-destructive: the original rope is never modified. When a new rope is returned as the result of an operation, it will share as much data as possible with its "parent". For instance, if a rope of length n undergoes m operations (assume n >> m) like set, append or prepend, the modified rope will only require O(m) space in addition to that taken by the original one.

However, Rope is an amortized data structure, and its use in a persistent setting can easily degrade its amortized time bounds. It is thus mainly intended to be used ephemerally. In some cases, it is possible to use Rope persistently with the same amortized bounds by explicitly rebalancing ropes to be reused using balance. Special care must be taken to avoid calling balance too frequently; in the limit, calling balance after each modification would defeat the purpose of amortization.

Limitations

The length of ropes is limited to approximately 700 Mb on 32-bit architectures, 220 Gb on 64 bit architectures.
Author(s): Mauricio Fernandez

type t
The type of the ropes.
exception Out_of_bounds
Raised when an operation violates the bounds of the rope.
exception Invalid_rope
An exception thrown when some operation required a rope and received an unacceptable rope.
val max_length : int
Maximum length of the rope (number of UTF-8 characters).

Creation and conversions

val empty : t
The empty rope.
val of_latin1 : string -> t
Constructs a unicode rope from a latin-1 string.
val of_string : string -> t
of_string s returns a rope corresponding to the UTF-8 encoded string s.
val to_string : t -> string
to_string t returns a UTF-8 encoded string representing t
val of_ustring : BatUTF8.t -> t
of_string s returns a rope corresponding to the string s. Operates in O(n) time.
val to_ustring : t -> BatUTF8.t
to_ustring r returns the string corresponding to the rope r.
val of_uchar : BatCamomile.UChar.t -> t
of_uchar c returns a rope containing exactly character c.
val of_char : char -> t
of_char c returns a rope containing exactly Latin-1 character c.
val make : int -> BatCamomile.UChar.t -> t
make i c returns a rope of length i consisting of c chars; it is similar to String.make
val lowercase : t -> t
lowercase s returns a lowercase copy of rope s.

Note that, for some languages, the number of characters in lowercase s is not the same as the number of characters in s.

val uppercase : t -> t
uppercase s returns a uppercase copy of rope s.

Note that, for some languages, the number of characters in uppercase s is not the same as the number of characters in s.

val capitalize : t -> t
Return a copy of the argument, with the first character set to uppercase.
val uncapitalize : t -> t
Return a copy of the argument, with the first character set to lowercase.
val join : t -> t list -> t
Same as BatRope.concat
val explode : t -> BatCamomile.UChar.t list
explode s returns the list of characters in the rope s.
val implode : BatCamomile.UChar.t list -> t
implode cs returns a rope resulting from concatenating the characters in the list cs.

Properties 

val is_empty : t -> bool
Returns whether the rope is empty or not.
val length : t -> int
Returns the length of the rope (O(1)). This is number of UTF-8 characters.
val height : t -> int
Returns the height (depth) of the rope.
val balance : t -> t
balance r returns a balanced copy of the r rope. Note that ropes are automatically rebalanced when their height exceeds a given threshold, but balance allows to invoke that operation explicity.

Operations 

val append : t -> t -> t
append r u concatenates the r and u ropes. In general, it operates in O(log(min n1 n2)) amortized time. Small ropes are treated specially and can be appended/prepended in amortized O(1) time.
val (^^^) : t -> t -> t
As BatRope.append
val append_char : BatCamomile.UChar.t -> t -> t
append_char c r returns a new rope with the c character at the end in amortized O(1) time.
val prepend_char : BatCamomile.UChar.t -> t -> t
prepend_char c r returns a new rope with the c character at the beginning in amortized O(1) time.
val get : t -> int -> BatCamomile.UChar.t
get r n returns the (n+1)th character from the rope r; i.e. get r 0 returns the first character. Operates in worst-case O(log size) time. Raises Out_of_bounds if a character out of bounds is requested.
val set : t -> int -> BatCamomile.UChar.t -> t
set r n c returns a copy of rope r where the (n+1)th character has been set to c. See also BatRope.get. Operates in worst-case O(log size) time.
val sub : t -> int -> int -> t
sub r m n returns a sub-rope of r containing all characters whose indexes range from m to m + n - 1 (included). Raises Out_of_bounds in the same cases as sub. Operates in worst-case O(log size) time.
val insert : int -> t -> t -> t
insert n r u returns a copy of the u rope where r has been inserted between the characters with index n and n + 1 in the original rope. The length of the new rope is length u + length r. Operates in amortized O(log(size r) + log(size u)) time.
val remove : int -> int -> t -> t
remove m n r returns the rope resulting from deleting the characters with indexes ranging from m to m + n - 1 (included) from the original rope r. The length of the new rope is length r - n. Operates in amortized O(log(size r)) time.
val concat : t -> t list -> t
concat sep sl concatenates the list of ropes sl, inserting the separator rope sep between each.

Iteration

val iter : (BatCamomile.UChar.t -> unit) -> t -> unit
iter f r applies f to all the characters in the r rope, in order.
val iteri : ?base:int -> (int -> BatCamomile.UChar.t -> unit) -> t -> unit
Operates like iter, but also passes the index of the character to the given function.
val range_iter : (BatCamomile.UChar.t -> unit) -> int -> int -> t -> unit
rangeiter f m n r applies f to all the characters whose indices k satisfy m <= k < m + n. It is thus equivalent to iter f (sub m n r), but does not create an intermediary rope. rangeiter operates in worst-case O(n + log m) time, which improves on the O(n log m) bound from an explicit loop using get. Raises Out_of_bounds in the same cases as sub.
val range_iteri : (int -> BatCamomile.UChar.t -> unit) ->
       ?base:int -> int -> int -> t -> unit
As range_iter, but passes base + index of the character in the subrope defined by next to arguments.
val bulk_iter : (BatUTF8.t -> unit) -> t -> unit
as iter but over larger chunks of data
val bulk_iteri : ?base:int -> (int -> BatUTF8.t -> unit) -> t -> unit
as iteri but over larger chunks of data.
val fold : ('a -> BatCamomile.UChar.t -> 'a) -> 'a -> t -> 'a
Rope.fold f a r computes f (... (f (f a r0) r1)...) rN-1 where rn = Rope.get n r and N = length r.
val bulk_fold : ('a -> BatUTF8.t -> 'a) -> 'a -> t -> 'a
As BatRope.fold but over larger chunks of data.
val enum : t -> BatCamomile.UChar.t BatEnum.t
Returns an enumeration of the characters of a rope.
val bulk_enum : t -> BatUTF8.t BatEnum.t
Returns an enumeration of the UTF-8 encoded strings of a rope. Provided for convenience and speed.
val of_enum : BatCamomile.UChar.t BatEnum.t -> t
Creates a rope from a character enumeration.
val of_bulk_enum : BatUTF8.t BatEnum.t -> t
Creates a rope from an enumeration of UTF-8 encoded strings.

Provided for convenience and speed.

val backwards : t -> BatCamomile.UChar.t BatEnum.t
Returns an enumeration of the characters of a rope, from last to first.
val of_backwards : BatCamomile.UChar.t BatEnum.t -> t
Build a rope from an enumeration, starting with last character, ending with first.
val init : int -> (int -> BatCamomile.UChar.t) -> t
init l f returns the rope of length l with the chars f 0 , f 1 , f 2 ... f (l-1).
val of_int : int -> t
Returns the rope representation of an int.
val of_float : float -> t
Returns the rope representation of a float.
val to_int : t -> int
Returns the integer represented by the given rope or raises Invalid_rope if the rope does not represent an integer.
val to_float : t -> float
Returns the float represented by the given rope or raises Invalid_rope if the rope does not represent a float.
val bulk_map : (BatUTF8.t -> BatUTF8.t) -> t -> t
map f s returns a rope where all ropes c in s have been replaced by f c. *
val map : (BatCamomile.UChar.t -> BatCamomile.UChar.t) -> t -> t
map f s returns a rope where all characters c in s have been replaced by f c. *
val bulk_filter_map : (BatUTF8.t -> BatUTF8.t option) -> t -> t
bulk_filter_map f l calls (f a0) (f a1).... (f an) where a0..an are the UTF-encoded strings of l. It returns the list of elements bi such as f ai = Some bi (when f returns None, the corresponding element of l is discarded).
val filter_map : (BatCamomile.UChar.t -> BatCamomile.UChar.t option) -> t -> t
filter_map f l calls (f a0) (f a1).... (f an) where a0..an are the characters of l. It returns the list of elements bi such as f ai = Some bi (when f returns None, the corresponding element of l is discarded).
val filter : (BatCamomile.UChar.t -> bool) -> t -> t
filter f s returns a copy of rope s in which only characters c such that f c = true remain.

Finding

val index : t -> BatCamomile.UChar.t -> int
Rope.index s c returns the position of the leftmost occurrence of character c in rope s. Raise Not_found if c does not occur in s.
val index_from : t -> int -> BatCamomile.UChar.t -> int
Same as Rope.index, but start searching at the character position given as second argument. Rope.index s c is equivalent to Rope.index_from s 0 c.
val rindex : t -> BatCamomile.UChar.t -> int
Rope.rindex s c returns the position of the rightmost occurrence of character c in rope s. Raise Not_found if c does not occur in s.
val rindex_from : t -> int -> BatCamomile.UChar.t -> int
Same as BatRope.rindex, but start searching at the character position given as second argument. rindex s c is equivalent to rindex_from s (length s - 1) c.
val contains : t -> BatCamomile.UChar.t -> bool
contains s c tests if character c appears in the rope s.
val contains_from : t -> int -> BatCamomile.UChar.t -> bool
contains_from s start c tests if character c appears in the subrope of s starting from start to the end of s.
Raises Invalid_argument if start is not a valid index of s.
val rcontains_from : t -> int -> BatCamomile.UChar.t -> bool
rcontains_from s stop c tests if character c appears in the subrope of s starting from the beginning of s to index stop.
Raises Invalid_argument if stop is not a valid index of s.
val find : t -> t -> int
find s x returns the starting index of the first occurrence of rope x within rope s.

Note This implementation is optimized for short ropes.
Raises Invalid_rope if x is not a subrope of s.

val find_from : t -> int -> t -> int
find_from s ofs x behaves as find s x but starts searching at offset ofs. find s x is equivalent to find_from s 0 x.
val rfind : t -> t -> int
rfind s x returns the starting index of the last occurrence of rope x within rope s.

Note This implementation is optimized for short ropes.
Raises Invalid_rope if x is not a subrope of s.

val rfind_from : t -> int -> t -> int
rfind_from s ofs x behaves as rfind s x but starts searching at offset ofs. rfind s x is equivalent to rfind_from s (length s - 1) x.
val starts_with : t -> t -> bool
starts_with s x returns true if s is starting with x, false otherwise.
val ends_with : t -> t -> bool
ends_with s x returns true if the rope s is ending with x, false otherwise.
val exists : t -> t -> bool
exists str sub returns true if sub is a subrope of str or false otherwise.
val trim : t -> t
Transformations

Returns the same rope but without the leading and trailing whitespaces.

val left : t -> int -> t
left r len returns the rope containing the len first characters of r
val right : t -> int -> t
left r len returns the rope containing the len last characters of r
val head : t -> int -> t
as BatRope.left
val tail : t -> int -> t
tail r pos returns the rope containing all but the pos first characters of r
val strip : ?chars:BatCamomile.UChar.t list -> t -> t
Returns the rope without the chars if they are at the beginning or at the end of the rope. By default chars are " \t\r\n".
val lchop : t -> t
Returns the same rope but without the first character. does nothing if the rope is empty.
val rchop : t -> t
Returns the same rope but without the last character. does nothing if the rope is empty.
val slice : ?first:int -> ?last:int -> t -> t
slice ?first ?last s returns a "slice" of the rope which corresponds to the characters s.[first], s.[first+1], ..., s[last-1]. Note that the character at index last is not included! If first is omitted it defaults to the start of the rope, i.e. index 0, and if last is omitted is defaults to point just past the end of s, i.e. length s. Thus, slice s is equivalent to copy s.

Negative indexes are interpreted as counting from the end of the rope. For example, slice ~last:-2 s will return the rope s, but without the last two characters.

This function never raises any exceptions. If the indexes are out of bounds they are automatically clipped.

val splice : t -> int -> int -> t -> t
splice s off len rep returns the rope in which the section of s indicated by off and len has been cut and replaced by rep.

Negative indices are interpreted as counting from the end of the string.

val fill : t -> int -> int -> BatCamomile.UChar.t -> t
fill s start len c returns the rope in which characters number start to start + len - 1 of s has been replaced by c.
Raises Invalid_argument if start and len do not designate a valid subrope of s.
val blit : t -> int -> t -> int -> int -> t
blit src srcoff dst dstoff len returns a copy of dst in which len characters have been copied from rope src, starting at character number srcoff, to rope dst, starting at character number dstoff. It works correctly even if src and dst are the same rope, and the source and destination chunks overlap.
Raises Invalid_argument if srcoff and len do not designate a valid subrope of src, or if dstoff and len do not designate a valid subrope of dst.
val concat : t -> t list -> t
concat sep sl concatenates the list of ropes sl, inserting the separator rope sep between each.
val escaped : t -> t
Return a copy of the argument, with special characters represented by escape sequences, following the lexical conventions of Objective Caml. If there is no special character in the argument, return the original rope itself, not a copy.
val replace_chars : (BatCamomile.UChar.t -> BatUTF8.t) -> t -> t
replace_chars f s returns a rope where all chars c of s have been replaced by the rope returned by f c.
val replace : str:t -> sub:t -> by:t -> bool * t
replace ~str ~sub ~by returns a tuple constisting of a boolean and a rope where the first occurrence of the rope sub within str has been replaced by the rope by. The boolean is true if a substitution has taken place, false otherwise.

Splitting around

val split : t -> t -> t * t
split s sep splits the rope s between the first occurrence of sep.
Raises Invalid_rope if the separator is not found.
val rsplit : t -> t -> t * t
rsplit s sep splits the rope s between the last occurrence of sep.
Raises Invalid_rope if the separator is not found.
val nsplit : t -> t -> t list
nsplit s sep splits the rope s into a list of ropes which are separated by sep. nsplit "" _ returns the empty list.
val compare : t -> t -> int
The comparison function for ropes, with the same specification as Pervasives.compare. Along with the type t, this function compare allows the module Rope to be passed as argument to the functors Set.Make and Map.Make.
val icompare : t -> t -> int
Compare two ropes, case-insensitive.
module IRope: BatInterfaces.OrderedType  with type t = t

Boilerplate code


Printing

val print : 'a BatInnerIO.output -> t -> unit
val t_printer : t BatValue_printer.t